Impact of the initial administration of an antiretroviral drug with latency reversal properties on the HIV reservoir size
The elimination of the latent viral reservoir remains the main barrier in the quest for a cure for people with HIV (PWH). The administration of latency reversal agents (LRA) at antiretroviral treatment (ART) initiation could improve the effectiveness of strategies aimed at HIV remission. This study assessed the impact of maraviroc (MVC), an antiretroviral drug with HIV latency reversal properties, on the viral reservoir size when it is administered at ART initiation. We conducted a longitudinal observational study in PWH initiating ART with a regimen including (MVC-initiation, n = 12) or not including MVC (non-MVC-initiation, n = 22), or switching to an MVC-containing regimen after achieving an undetectable viral load (VL) (MVC-switch, n = 9). The HIV reservoir size was determined via Alu-LTR and Intact Proviral DNA Assay (IPDA) methods, and cell-associated HIV-RNA (ca-HIV-RNA) by nested-qPCR. Comparative analyses employed mixed multivariate linear models. After a median of 90 weeks, the MVC-initiation group showed a greater reduction in integrated and IPDA-total (7.1- and 4.0-fold, respectively), but not IPDA-intact, HIV-DNA reservoir compared to the non-MVC-initiation group. The reductions in integrated, IPDA-total, and IPDA-intact HIV-DNA levels in the MVC-initiation group were also greater compared to the MVC-switch group (from 5.4 to 13.8-fold). Moreover, no significant differences in the HIV transcriptional activity, assessed by ca-HIV-RNA levels or HIV-RNA/HIV-DNA ratios, were observed between the MVC-initiation and non-MVC-initiation groups. In conclusion, starting ART with a drug with HIV latency reversing activity at detectable VL phase may contribute to a greater reduction in the HIV-DNA reservoir. These findings could inform the design of future trials targeting HIV remission via a "kick and kill" strategy.
Authors
- Graciano García‐Pardo
- Ana Ferrer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-0112-697X)
- Federico Pulido (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7414-8812)
- Eva Oliver
- Leandro López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3379-1086)
- Rodrigo Martı́nez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5850-8494)
- Laura Pedraza (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6129-1062)
- Iván Agea
- Melchor Riera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0887-8710)
- Enrique García Martín
- Marta Calvet
- Araceli Adsuar
- Nuria Ena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3319-6735)
- Núria Espinosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2249-2352)
- Andrés Ruiz-Sancho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-2135)
- Leire Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2477-847X)
- José A. Pérez‐Molina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8735-4124)
- Cristina Marco
- Rebeca Izquierdo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5780-4462)
- María Luz Pintos Peñaranda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6290-3457)
- Víctor Arribas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-7933)
- María José Aramburu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8026-8351)
- Eduardo Malmierca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4071-7247)
- José Ignacio Bernardino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3501-8529)
- Verònica Alba (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5925-9573)
- Anna Rull (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8907-7754)
- Xavier Barber (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3079-5855)
- Anna Martí
- Luís Miguel Real (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4932-7429)
- Paula Mascarell (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0566-0935)
- Rosa de Miguel Buckley (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2749-818X)
- Félix Gutiérrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9485-6867)
- Héctor Pinargote‐Celorio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3300-5807)
- Montserrat Ruiz
- Inés Suárez‐García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7016-716X)
- María Rivas-Carmenado
- Luz Balsalobre
- María Inmaculada Hernández
- A. Guirao
- Soledad López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3727-1843)
- Esperanza Merino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3854-4874)
- Berta Rodés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6037-0105)
- Marina Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1995-6104)
- Lucía Romero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8054-0565)
- Leire Gil (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6843-4460)
- Rafael Rubio (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8132-4303)
- Celia Miralles
- Verónica Álvarez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7319-6089)
- M. Pilar Ruiz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1530-9508)
- Víctor Hontañón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3070-2647)
- Cristina Hernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3109-1721)
- Javier Murillas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2169-7110)
- Lorena Martinez‐Gamboa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-4178)
- Luís Morano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0560-3260)
- Guillermo Pousada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2466-8094)
- Mercedes Garcia-Gazalla
- María Tasias (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7770-9321)
- Antonio Ocampo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3176-9758)
- Catalina Robledano
- Mercedes García‐Gasalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9842-6768)
- María Saumoy (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0047-1991)
- Mario Frías (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0479-973X)
- Joanna Cano-Smith (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5541-3388)
- Juan Martín Torres
- Begoña Baza
- Talía Sainz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5301-0945)
- M. Asunción Hernando
- Roser Navarro
- Ana Delgado‐Hierro
- Félix Ortega Gutiérrez
- Alexandre Pérez‐González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4836-6768)
- Eva Orviz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2684-3431)
- Guillermo Telenti (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1571-6090)
- Luis Escosa
- Teresa Gómez‐García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8871-8161)
- Ángela Botella (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1599-0030)
- Rocío Montejano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3446-0545)
- Rafael Micán (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6626-4266)
- Alejandro de los Santos
- Antonia Alcaraz
- Clara Martínez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0005-9482-6595)
- Emilio Guirao
- Alejandro Vallejo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5360-878X)
- Ignacio de los Santos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7073-5211)
- Francesc Vidal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-6186)
- Elena Sendagorta
- Rosario Palacios (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8839-3520)
- Adolfo de Salazar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4318-858X)
- Ruperto González‐Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6664-0276)
- Pedro López López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6165-6260)
- Luis Ramos‐Ruperto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5251-2161)
- Eva Jover (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0628-9944)
- Christian Ledesma (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0000-8022-364X)
- Ana López Lirola
- Féderico García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-781X)
- José Ramón Arribas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7410-9450)
- Dolores Hernández Fernández de Rojas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8427-6845)
- Elisa Moraga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-364X)
- Juan Tiraboschi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0073-873X)
- Antonio Juárez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5615-7021)
- Alfonso del Arco (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5432-4591)
- María Andreo Galera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-0448)
- Laura Luna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2373-8131)
- Carolina Ding
- Francisco Fanjul (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1852-0330)
- Chiara Fanciulli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2175-9027)
- Juan Berenguer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8541-8200)
- Eulalia Valencia (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6902-0120)
- Antonia Navas Castillo
- Otilia Bisbal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3746-3378)
- David M. Selva (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0333-5629)
- Ana Barrios (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7384-7462)
- Iker Falces
- José Antonio Peregrina
- Helena Albendín
- Ildefonso Sánchez‐Cerrillo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7262-1234)
- José Antonio Iribarren (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4013-8509)
- Alejandro González‐Serna (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0239-8417)
- Laura Gisbert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8329-1717)
- Inmaculada Jarrín (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7485-2252)
- Montserrat Raposo
- Javier Martínez‐Sanz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2020-3908)
- Víctor Asensi (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4211-456X)
- Sergio Reus (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3320-9754)
- Ángela Camacho (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7755-3912)
- Maria E. Gallego (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5588-9116)
- Arkaitz Imaz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8411-1952)
- Ana Fuentes (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2057-2730)
- Carmen Sáez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8600-0508)
- Ángeles Jaén (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6815-2022)
- María Jesús Pérez-Granda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0613-2122)
- Paloma Gijón (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5011-1927)
- Erick De La Torre Tarazona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0325-3735)
- José Sánchez–Payá (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4847-0565)
- Enrique Bernal (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1753-9104)
- Javier de la Torre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4718-0320)
- Berta Pernas (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2061-3096)
- Luís F. López‐Cortés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3804-3458)
- Rafael Magadán
- Livia Giner (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-3736)
- Helem Vílchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4344-693X)
- Carmen Busca
- Silvia Llaves
- Javier Díaz-Arias
- Joaquín Portilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3676-9511)
- María López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4217-3295)
- Teresa Puerta
- Álvaro Mena (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9165-6798)
- María del Mar Arcos
- Ángela Somodevilla
- David Rial
- Beatriz Villar
- Ana Quiles‐Jiménez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0090-589X)
- Carlos Manuel Oñoro López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-3597)
- Julián Olalla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8577-3891)
- Teresa Aldámiz‐Echevarría (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-6940)
- José Luís Prada (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5211-9554)
- Mario Mayoral
- Xabier Kortajarena
- Lluïsa Guillem (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7814-1303)
- Jennifer Vallejo
- Eva Poveda (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4835-9875)
- Sílvia Chafino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9679-0622)
- Diego Torrús (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5694-8162)
- David Vinuesa García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5663-8447)
- Sergio Serrano‐Villar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5447-3554)
- Begoña Alcaraz
- Francisco Anguita
- Julen Cadiñanos (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1555-1668)
- Asunción Iborra
- Luz Martı́n-Carbonero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8102-4079)
- José Alcamı́ (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0023-7377)
- Mar Vera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3841-7747)
- Harkaitz Azkune
- Ignacio Subías Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-3956)
- Angélica Bethencourt
- Isabel Machuca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3343-0085)
- Frederic Gómez‐Bertomeu (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8039-2889)
- Alba de la Rica (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5289-9271)
- Francisco Tejerina (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4136-3575)
- Xabier Camino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8861-0553)
- Cristina Roca-Oporto (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0079-5491)
- Irene Portilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2187-8731)
- María Ángeles Muñoz‐Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0813-4500)
- Marta Rava (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2260-9370)
- Isabel Gutiérrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8420-5086)
- Antoni Payeras (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3591-1432)
- María Aguilera García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-6555)
- Gema García-Sáez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8396-8185)
- Mireia Cairó (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2386-2765)
- Rafael Torres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7979-017X)
- María Lagarde (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7712-6977)
- Antoni A Campins
- Miguel Ángel Goenaga (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4681)
- Azucena Bautista (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5731-7282)
- Ángela Gutiérrez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4450-7439)
- Cristina Díez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3508-9979)
- Marta Montero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3432-5394)
- Rafael Rodríguez-Rosado Martinez-Echevarría
- Saray Corral
- Javier García Abellán
- José Alberto Castañeda García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0805-3628)
- Laura Muñoz Bermejo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3107-0266)
- Daniel Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1088-1927)
- Laura Viñuela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-4299)
- Isabel Viciana
- Pedro Herranz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9840-6628)
- Adriana Pinto
- Santos del Campo (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2234-5432)
- Mireia Santacreu
- Montserrat Olona (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5303-9361)
- Rafael J. Pascual (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5100-9572)
- Marian Fernández
- Mar Carvajal
- Anaïs Corma
- Julia Portilla
- Victoria Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4101-0120)
- Maialen Ibarguren
- Lucía Guillén (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6977-9081)
- Diana Corona‐Mata (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8059-7171)
- Jacobo Alonso
- Alejandro de Gea Grela (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9316-8766)
- Lúcia Helena Garófalo Chaves (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9905-2315)
- Natalia Chueca (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3420-3290)
- José Francisco Pascual
- Francisco Homar (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-3277)
- Dácil García
- José Sanz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3180-184X)
- Mar Masiá (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9878-2458)
- Elena Guijarro
- Nieves Gonzalo-Jiménez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6013-4228)
- Consuelo Viladés (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2991-9593)
- Lidia García-Sánchez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5102-3654)
- María Remedios Alemán Valls (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4459-1290)
- Margarita Ramírez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4666-0114)
- Juan González‐García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3652-002X)
- Francisco Carmona-Torre (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8281-9583)
- Roxana Juárez
- Cristina Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5103-5006)
- Carlos Galera
- Rosa Blanes-Hernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7704-0479)
- M Toril Illescas
- Ignacio Álvarez-Rodriguez
- Antonio Galiana (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1134-1914)
- Raquel Ron (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3439-8438)
- Vicente Boix (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7015-3948)
- Inma Ruíz
- Lucio García‐Fraile (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2512-6107)
- Miguel Salavert (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8571-2124)
- Juan Carlos Carrió
- Sergio Padilla (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8420-7310)
- Naya Faro
- Inmaculada Chiclano
- Maria Gonzalez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5089-4397)
- Juan Carlos Rodrı́guez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8007-5739)
- Ana Maria Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8497-9708)
- Santiago Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2843-1094)
- Salvador Martı́nez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9320-4103)
- Brais Castelo
- Francisco Jesús Vera (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4916-552X)
- Javier Pérez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1320-1832)
- Joaquín Bravo Urbieta (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2079-0305)
- Alicia González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2265-8976)
- David Dalmau (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1936-478X)
- Alejandro García (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-8053)
- Javier Manuel Caballero (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1579-2739)
- Antonio Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1429-0438)
- Santiago López (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3438-0541)
- Jorge Dı́az
- Elena Moreno (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7266-0791)
- Elisa de Lazzari (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2614-6545)
- Patricia González‐Ruano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0395-7740)
- Eva Muñoz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0177-0037)
- Sandra Pérez Gómez
- Marta Álvarez
- Ma Luisa Masó Navarro
- Marta Flores Fernández
- Juan Carlos López Bernaldo de Quirós
- Ana Bayona Carlos
- Ma Luisa Montes
- Luisa Martín
- Jesús Santos
- Ma Jesús Vivancos
- José L. Casado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7639-8591)
- Jorge Del Romero
- José Antonio Iribarren
- Ma Jesús Bustinduy
- Juan González (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4635-4491)
- Juan Castro (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-4379)
- Coral García
- Ricardo Pelazas
- M. Mar Alonso
- Juan Macías Sánchez
- Oskar Ayerdi
- Juan Ballesteros
- Joaquim Peraire
- Fernando Dronda
- Marı́a José Galindo
- José Manuel Hermida
- Maria Angustias Merlos
- Ángeles Muñoz
- Marianela Ciudad
- Pilar Rincón
- Joaquín Peraire
- Ma Angels Ribas
- Maialen Lekuona Sanz
- Alberto Arranz (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-1753)
- Sonsoles Sánchez-Palomino (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9142-812X)
- Carmen Rodríguez (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0007-1358-4120)
- Roser Font
- Felícitas Díaz-Flores
- Leopoldo Muñoz Medina
- María Espinosa (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2018-4734)
- Josefina García
- I. Martínez Martínez
- Onofre Juan Martínez
- Antonio Rivero Román
- M.J. Gutiérrez Sánchez
- Alba Sánchez
- Cristina Gómez
- Cristina Tomás
- Pilar Vázquez
- María Novella
- Juan C. Fernández (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6001-0057)
- Raúl Vaquer
- Sònia Vicens-Artés
Institutions
- Universidad de Alcalá (ES)
- Hospital Universitario de Canarias (ES)
- Hospital Universitario La Paz (ES)
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ES)
- Bellvitge University Hospital (ES)
- University Hospital Complex Of Vigo (ES)
- Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón (ES)
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe (ES)
- International Olive Council (ES)
- Hospital Costa del Sol (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (ES)
- The Coordinating Center (US)
- Hospital Clínico Universitario de Valencia (ES)
- Biogipuzkoa Health Research Institute (ES)
- Hospital Universitario 12 De Octubre (ES)
- Centro Nacional de Microbiologia (ES)
- Centro Nacional de Epidemiología (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias (ES)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Granada (ES)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red (ES)
- Hospital Clínic de Barcelona (ES)
- Hospital General Universitario de Elche (ES)
- Madrid Health Service (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía (ES)
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (ES)
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (ES)
- Mútua Terrassa (ES)
- Hospital Reina Sofía de Murcia (ES)
- Hospital Universitario de La Princesa (ES)
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias (ES)
- Hospital General Universitario de Alicante Doctor Balmis (ES)
- Complexo Hospitalario Universitario A Coruña (ES)
- Santa Lucía University General Hospital (ES)
- Hospital Universitario de Valme (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca (ES)
- Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII de Tarragona (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Son Espases (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (ES)
- Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Victoria (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Severo Ochoa (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía (ES)
- Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal (ES)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2025-07-13
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-09474-1
- Citations
- 3
- Primary Topic
- HIV Research and Treatment
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 3.11
Funders
- Gilead Sciences
- ViiV Healthcare
- European Commission
- Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III