Integrating Satellite Imagery and Multicriteria Decision Analysis for High-Resolution Flood Vulnerability Mapping: A Case Study of Jakarta, Indonesia

Jakarta, Indonesia, ranks among the most flood-prone megacities in the world, with hydrometeorological factors placing up to 98% of its area at flood risk. Its population density—approximately 15,900 individuals per square kilometer—compounds the impacts of flooding through intensified exposure and socio-economic vulnerability. This study presents a novel, data-driven methodology for flood vulnerability assessment in the Jakarta Special Capital Region (DKI Jakarta), integrating satellite remote sensing and geospatial analysis with a Multicriteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) framework. Employing the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) to systematically weight environmental and socio-economic criteria, a Flood Vulnerability Index (FVI) was developed and spatially modeled at a 500-meter grid resolution. The resulting FVI map categorizes vulnerability into five levels: very low, low, moderate, high, and very high. Findings indicate an index range between 0.36 and 0.70, highlighting predominantly moderate to high vulnerability zones across the region. This high-resolution assessment provides actionable insights for disaster risk reduction, urban resilience planning, and targeted policy interventions to mitigate flood-related hazards in Jakarta.