Self-Violence and Suicide among Different Ages in Iraqi Society

Background: Self-harm and suicide represent significant public health challenges globally. Objective: This study examines the distribution and characteristics of self-harm and suicide cases in Iraq, to inform targeted interventions and mental health strategies. Methods: This study analyzes the distribution and characteristics of self-harm cases in 2023, focusing on age, gender, regional demographics, educational levels, methods of injury, and underlying reasons. Data were examined using chi-square tests to identify statistical differences and calculate percentages for distribution patterns. Results: Findings reveal that the age group 25–34 had the highest self-harm rates (33.3%), followed by 15–24 (22.2%), indicating vulnerability among young adults. Peaks in self-harm occurrences were noted in August and September, suggesting seasonal influences on mental health. Males, particularly in the 25–34 age bracket, exhibited higher rates with a significant gender difference (p < 0.05). Geographically, Baghdad, Ninawa, and Basra reported the highest case incidences (p < 0.05), linked to regional socioeconomic conditions. Individuals with primary and middle school education had higher self-harm rates, though no significant educational differences were found (p = 0.506). Poisoning was the most common method, especially among females, while males predominantly used hanging (p < 0.05). Family issues were the leading reason for self-harm (66.1%), followed by psychological issues (29.7), with notable gender differences (p = 0.0005). Conclusion: the study identifies critical patterns of self-harm and suicide in Iraq, particularly among young males in socioeconomically challenged regions. This highlights the need for targeted, culturally sensitive mental health interventions and further research into underlying socio-cultural factors.