Fetal Death in Cholera Infected Pregnant Women: A Clinical Case Report

Numerous cases of cholera infections related to the death of a fetus in pregnancy were reported in Yemen about the risk factors contributing to this death. This case report aims to explore more data about cholera in pregnancy related to the death of a fetus in Hodeidah, Yemen. The case reported here shows a 24-year-old female pregnant in the last trimester, with severe diarrhea more than 15 times per day, severe vomiting and severe dehydration with sunken eyes, and fatigue as the major symptoms with fetal signs of cholera infection. The patient was diagnosed with a cholera infection with severe complications, severe electrolyte imbalances, and oliguria, acute kidney injury due to acute tubular necrosis secondary to dehydration or cholera infection itself. The complication of acute renal failure based on the increased level of serum creatinine up to 5.1 mg/dl and serum urea up to 116 mg/dl, due to the severe dehydration and hypovolemia, with a decrease in serum potassium to 1.8 mmol/liter (hypokalemia). The patient was anemic with 8.6 g/dl of hemoglobin (Hb) level of 8.6 g/dl and 24.7% of hematocrit (HCT) , the leukocytosis happened with white blood cell (WBC) (20.4 ×10 3/ul), and lymphopenia and neutrophilia were reported. The pharmaceutical and therapeutic care was carried out according to the national guideline, with blood transfusion and three times hemodialysis. The pregnant mother birthed a premature fetus with a tired status, unfortunately, the fetus passed away (death) within three days after birth. The cholera in pregnancy is highly concerned for the fetus's death. This reported case highlights the association between cholera and pregnancy, a condition that poses significant risks to both the fetus and the mother, necessitating prompt and appropriate management.