Production and Economic Results of SpeltWheat Cultivation Under Various Conditions ofFungicide Protection and Nitrogen Fertilization

The present study aimed to assess the profitability of the cultivation of spelt wheat cv.Rokosz in different variants of fungicide protection and nitrogen fertilization.It was conducted in 2019-2021 with four fungicide protection variants and four nitrogen fertilization levels as experimental factors.Study results demonstrated significant grain yield and production profitability differences between cultivation variants and individual study years.In 2019, the most profitable turned out to be the spelt cultivation variant without the fungicide treatment and with nitrogen fertilization at 100 kgha -1 ; in 2020, it was the variant without chemical treatment against fungal diseases and with nitrogen fertilization at 70 kgha -1 ; in 2021, it was the variant with the fungicide treatment and with nitrogen fertilization at 70 kgha -1 .Despite lower grain yields achieved on the plots with extensive spelt production technology, these cultivation variants ensured higher incomes due to lower production costs.In addition, these technologies reduced the workload and had a lesser adverse impact on the natural environment than intensive plant cultivation, which is desirable in the context of sustainable development assumptions.