Preparation and identification of new magnetic heterogeneous nanostructural palladium catalyst, and its catalytic study in Suzuki and Stille reactions

This study designed and synthesized a new magnetic Palladium-containing nanocatalyst supported on ZnFe₂O₄ (zinc ferrite magnetic nanoparticles). TGA, TEM, FT-IR, EDS, XRD, BET, VSM, X-ray mapping, ICP-OES, and SEM techniques are used to analyze the structure and magnetic properties of this nanomagnetic material. The synthesized heterogeneous catalyst (ZnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@CPTMS@PYA-Pd) revealed remarkable properties, including high thermal and chemical stability, low toxicity, and efficient reusability. The catalytic behavior of ZnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@CPTMS@PYA-Pd was studied in very well-known C-C bond formation reactions (i.e., Stille and Suzuki cross-coupling reactions), and substituted biphenyls were achieved with good to high yield and conversion. The catalyst demonstrated exceptional performance in cross-coupling reactions, achieving yields of up to 96% for Suzuki reactions (100 min reaction time) and 94% for Stille reactions (120 min reaction time) under optimized conditions. The ZnFe₂O₄@SiO₂@CPTMS@PYA-Pd was recovered easily by an external magnet and reused for five consecutive runs while maintaining with negligible decreases in its activity in described coupling reactions.