<b>Comparative study for evaluation of <i>Ginkgo biloba</i> extract and gold nanoparticle-encapsulated metformin against nephrotoxicity caused by potassium bromate in Sprague Dawley rats</b>

Treatment with <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin, and with <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin encapsulated in AuNPs reduced the damages caused by KBrO₃ in the histopathological and ultrastructural levels of the kidney. Treatment with <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin and <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin encapsulated in AuNPs improved kidney function tests and kept oxidative stress and antioxidant markers in check. However, <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin encapsulated in AuNPs worked better as a treatment option than <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin. In conclusion, treatment with <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin and with <i>G. biloba</i> extract and metformin encapsulated in AuNPs showed good treatment options against KBrO₃ induced-nephrotoxicity in the rat model.