Neuroethics, Theology, and ADHD: A Christian Response to Ethical Dilemmas Surrounding the Neuroscience and Treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) affects 10.2% of children in the USA, and a general average of around 5% of children globally (Carolan 2022). Not only is 1 in every 10 kids in the US affected, but for each child diagnosed with ADHD there are 1-2 parents or guardians impacted as well as a myriad of teachers, siblings, and friends. As Christians we have a call during our time in this fallen and disordered world, namely to love the Lord with all our hearts, souls, minds, and strengths, and to love our neighbor as ourselves (Luke 10:25-27). Given that ADHD has such a prevalent impact on our neighbors in society, it requires some attention and consideration from the Church. As we will see momentarily, ADHD is a very complex and multifaceted disorder. There is some consensus on certain core behavioral symptoms, but often the effects stretch far beyond these standardized symptoms. Every bit of research is contested or debated, from the neurobiology to the causes and risk factors to the treatment and management. Once we delve into the realm of treating mental disorders, particularly in minors, there are a plethora of ethical issues that are raised, some of which are explored in this paper. Also part of the discussion are the impacts on and influence of parenting, friendships, and society. When we factor in the Christian belief that all this discussion is taking place on an earth riddled by Sin and by spiritual warfare against an enemy with solely ill intentions, the conversation becomes all the more dire; a battle is being fought for every heart and mind around us. So in the discussion of this complex mental disorder, let us proceed with concern for our neighbor and with wisdom, which ultimately comes from fearing the Lord (Psalm 111:10).