Investigation on Ballistic Impact Properties of Rattan Fiber-Reinforced High-Density Polyethylene Composite Material

This study was conducted to explore the use of rattan fiber-reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composites for mechanical properties and ballistic energy absorption. The mixture was produced by using the hot pressing method with various mold temperatures of 150, 170, and 190°C. The principal results showed that at 170°C, the composite showed the highest tensile strength of 16.33 MPa, flexural strength of 36.53 MPa, impact strength of 11.18 kJ/m², and optimal energy absorption of 57.55 J, or 13.68% of the initial impact energy. The composite achieved the best matrix-fiber bonding at this temperature, which ensured efficient load transfer between HDPE and rattan fiber. Mechanical properties and ballistic performance decreased at 190°C due to thermal degradation of rattan fiber, while at 150°C, viscosity of HDPE was not optimal for matrix-fiber bonding. Thermal degradation of matrix at 190°C caused a weak bond between fiber and matrix, leading to more severe damage on exit side and lowest absorbed energy. This research showed the potential of HDPE-rattan fiber as composite material for ballistic protection applications. However, further development would be needed to improve performance, such as through hybridization with light metals.