Distribution, threats, population trends, and ecology of the Saharan Striped Polecat (<i>Poecilictis libyca</i>) in Tunisia: a questionnaire and field-based survey

Abstract The Saharan Striped Polecat (Carnivora, Mustelidae, Poecilictis libyca) is a small mustelid for which comprehensive biological studies and demographic data across its geographic range are lacking. Throughout 2018, we investigated the distribution, abundance, and threats to this species in Tunisia by means of a questionnaire survey, spotlighting, and collection of other field-based evidence. Our study resulted in 32 new records, including 1 outside the previously known range in the south, while a contraction of its northern limits was determined from historical records (literature, museum samples, online databases). Roughly defined, the distribution of P. libyca extends from the Saharan to the subhumid bioclimatic zones. This semifossorial species tends to favor sandy soil but can be found in a wide range of habitats including deserts, oases, riverbeds, coastal dunes, forests, bushclumps, grasslands, sebkhas, and cultivated areas. Interviewees reported a significant decline in most polecat populations located near human settlements. Identified threats include widespread capturing for trade; drought-induced prey depletion; habitat loss due to agricultural expansion; road mortalities; use of rodenticides, pesticides, and insecticides in agricultural land; and attacks by domestic dogs and other predators. Additionally, population expansion and human encroachment have led to increased habitat loss, resulting in the extirpation of polecats from certain northern regions. To safeguard this locally threatened species in Tunisia, we recommend the protection of 3 key populations located in Dar Chichou, Metbasta, and Ez Zebara. We also advocate for further research to improve baseline ecological data and encourage awareness campaigns aimed at educating local communities residing near polecat populations, garnering support for their conservation.