Toward Advancement of Fabrication Techniques of Neuromorphic Computing Devices Based on 2D Materials

Abstract The growing necessity for power‐efficient and cognitive computation mechanisms has driven progress in neuromorphic computing which seeks to imitate the synaptic mechanisms underlying human brain functionality. The drawbacks of traditional computation paradigms which involve a large amount of power utilization and restricted data communication drive the quest for alternative materials and technologies. In this context, 2D materials have proven themselves an especially valuable class of materials for new‐generation neuromorphic devices because of their atomic thickness and distinct electronic attributes. The present review gives a detailed account of advanced techniques enabling the fabrication of neuromorphic devices using 2D materials with a focus on deposition methods and device engineering strategies to enhance synaptic functionalities for energy‐efficient signal processing. This article also explores the role of 2D materials in establishing effective synthetic synapses which are predominant in supporting key functions such as short‐term plasticity (STP) and long‐term plasticity (LTP). This article further addresses key fabrication challenges such as scalability, contact/interface issues, and variability, along with emerging solutions like atomic‐thickness control and heterostructure integration. Through a carefully designed roadmap, this article attempts to blend fabrication processes and 2D material's neuromorphic device physics hence presenting valuable insights in constructing brain inspired computational devices.