FUNCTIONAL AND CULTURAL ADAPTATION OF PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS IN GERMAN-UKRAINIAN TRANSLATION

The article presents an analysis of the challenges associated with translating idiomatic expressions and fixed phrases from German into Ukrainian, which arise due to varying levels of equivalence and national-cultural differences.The relevance of the study stems from the fact that phraseological units, being unique linguistic structures, serve not only cognitive and communicative functions but also act as markers of national and cultural identity.This multidimensional nature complicates their adequate interlingual transfer without the loss of semantic, stylistic, and pragmatic content.Special attention is given to the issue of equivalence, including the identification of full, partial, or zero correspondences in the translation process.In the absence of full equivalents, adaptive strategies such as phraseological substitution, transposition, calquing, descriptive translation, and functional compensation are employed.The study also addresses cultural transformations resulting from differences in worldview concepts, historical realities, and traditions of the respective language communities.Particular emphasis is placed on the importance of preserving stylistic coloring, emotional-expressive function, and pragmatic orientation of idiomatic expressions.It is established that effective translation of phraseological units requires a balance between semantic accuracy and figurative expressiveness.The article proposes a classification of translation approaches-full and partial equivalence, as well as phraseological adaptation-as a means of ensuring communicative adequacy while maintaining the national and cultural flavor of the original.These approaches may serve as practical tools in the translation of texts across various genres.