Implementation of Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) for Greenhouse Gas Impact Analysis and Its Emission Control in Crude Oil Production Processes

Company X is one of the entities operating in the oil and gas industry that is required to contribute to Indonesia’s Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. This obligation aligns with the achievement of the Zero Routine Flaring (ZRF) 2030 target, as stipulated in the Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Regulation No. 17 of 2021 concerning the Implementation of Flare Gas Management in Oil and Gas Business Activities, which mandates the elimination of routine flaring by 2030. Currently, Company X has undertaken efforts to reduce emissions in its crude oil production processes. However, it faces significant challenges, particularly in meeting the 2030 target of a 29% reduction in CO₂ which are critical to the sustainability of its business operations. To ensure effective emission reduction, it is essential to control greenhouse gas emissions at the sources that contribute most significantly to air pollution within the crude oil production process. In this regard, Company X needs to adopt a Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) approach using SimaPro 9.5 software, which can identify the magnitude of environmental impacts and pinpoint the most impactful activities (hotspots). The LCA will employ the EDIP (Environmental Design of Industrial Products) 2003 method to quantify air pollution impacts in the categories of global warming, ozone depletion, ozone formation (human), and human toxicity (air), within the cradle-to-gate scope of Company X’s crude oil production process. The next step involves determining the most effective improvement alternatives using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) with Expert Choice software. Inputs for the criteria and improvement alternatives for each selected hotspot will be obtained from five respondents through pairwise comparisons to identify the optimal emission control strategy.