The Current and Future Applications of Robotics in Adrenal Surgery

This review summarizes the literature comparing robotic versus laparoscopic adrenalectomy outcomes, the adoption of robotic adrenalectomy, and describes trends and future directions in the application of robotics to adrenalectomy. Overall outcomes between robotic and laparoscopic adrenalectomy are similar, however, the robotic approach may be superior in select patients including those with large tumors, malignancy, and obesity. Adopting robotics into clinical practice and outpatient adrenalectomy is safe and feasible. Additional robotic platforms have been developed and artificial intelligence is being integrated to improve safety and efficiency. Cost, however, remains the biggest deterrent to widespread adoption. Robotic surgery is an innovative and rapidly evolving approach that is expanding what is possible for adrenalectomy.