Cognitive and Environmental Factors Affecting Attention Span in Grade 2 Pupils

Attention span is a critical component of learning, particularly in early childhood education. This study examined the relationship and influence of cognitive development and environment on the attention span of Grade 2 pupils in Region XI, Philippines. Using a non-experimental, quantitative correlational design, data were gathered from 74 purposively selected Grade 2 pupils during the school year 2024–2025. The study used adapted and validated instruments to assess cognitive development (mean = 4.25, SD = 0.42), environment (mean = 4.27, SD = 0.38), and attention span (mean = 4.47, SD = 0.36). Results revealed significant positive relationships between cognitive development and attention span (r = .66, p < .001) and between environment and attention span (r = .67, p < .001). Multiple regression analysis showed both cognitive development (β = .429, p < .001) and environment (β = .430, p < .001) significantly influenced attention span, accounting for 52.6% of the variance (R² = .526, F(2, 71) = 39.39, p < .001). These findings emphasize the importance of fostering cognitive skills and creating a conducive learning environment to support children's focus and academic engagement.