Histological and Histochemical Characterization of Bisphenol A-Induced Adrenal Toxicity in Rats

The current study investigates the histological and histochemical alterations in rats’ adrenal glands after exposure to bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical commonly used in plastics and food packages. Fourteen adult male albino rats with an average of 150 to 200 g BW were separated equally into two groups: a control group and a BPA-treated group, administered BPA orally at a dosage of 25 mg/kg for 30 days. The histological and histochemical findings were evaluated in addition to the estimation of the plasma corticosterone level and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration, indicating tissue oxidation. Also, the morphological changes, including zone thickness and cell counts, were evaluated. The obtained results revealed that BPA induced significant adrenal disruption, cellular degeneration, vascular congestion, pyknosis, and tissue fibrosis. Moreover, it altered the corticosterone and oxidative stress levels, which indicates that BPA has deleterious effects on adrenal function. Future research should explore antioxidant-based interventions to mitigate BPA-induced oxidative stress.