CHANGE DETECTION OF SOIL HYDROPHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND CHARACTERISTICS OF TINA PLAIN, SINAI, EGYPT UNDER SUBSURFACE DRAINAGE SYSTEM

This study assesses the impact of subsurface drainage on agricultural productivity in the Tina Plain, Sinai, Egypt in pilot area covering 27.36 feddans of sandy-textured soil irrigated with low-quality water. A subsurface pipe drainage system was installed with lateral spacing of 40 meters and a depth of 140 centimeters to enhance soil and water management. The system effectively reduced the water table, improved soil aeration and water infiltration, and significantly mitigated soil salinity and alkalinity issues. These improvements fostered a more favorable soil environment, boosting biological activity and preserving nutrient balance. Furthermore, the drainage system reduced reliance on surface drainage canals, thereby increasing the cultivable land area. The results underscore the importance of subsurface drainage in promoting agricultural sustainability, resource efficiency, and improved land use in arid and semi-arid regions. In summary, subsurface drainage not only improves soil and crop performance but also supports long-term agricultural development in marginal environment.