Applications of Nanotechnology in Electric Vehicles: Enhancing Energy Efficiency and Reducing Environmental Impact

With an immediate global transition towards electric vehicles (EVs) to promote sustainable mobility, electronics has gained importance, which not only improves car performance but also mitigates people-induced environmental damage in the form of vehicular emissions. Nanotechnology has come forth as one of the transformative solutions, providing immense advancements in energy storage, structural materials, power electronics, and sustainable manufacturing technologies. This review aims to look into the diversified roles of nanomaterials in EV design and development, with a strong emphasis on lithium-ion batteries, as well as solid-state counterparts, supercapacitors and nanocomposites for weight reduction. It further emphasizes on the incorporation of nanotechnology in powertrain cooling systems, green synthesis processes and recycling mechanisms. In addition, this work covers safety, toxicity, and regulatory aspects, as well as the environmental advantages of nanotechnology as far as carbon attenuation is concerned. Real-world applications and future directions are illustrated through recent industry advances, case studies, and ongoing research. In summary, the review highlights the main challenges and opportunities in the journey towards energy-saving and eco-friendly electric vehicles of next generation, which are the focus of nanotechnology.