The influence of economic development on circular economy implementation in Balkan countries

This research investigates the influence of economic development on the implementation of circular economy (CE) practices in Balkan countries from 2013 to 2022. By analyzing key economic indicators such as GDP per capita, Gross Fixed Capital Formation (GFCF), employment, and Human Development Index (HDI), the authors examine their impact on resource productivity, waste generation, and material import dependency. Results reveal that while economic growth reduces material import dependency, it can negatively affect resource productivity, suggesting that without targeted CE policies, higher consumption may undermine resource efficiency. Additionally, employment and HDI did not have a significant impact on the reduction waste generation. These findings underscore the need for targeted investments, improved urban waste management, and sustainability education to align economic development with CE goals. The study highlights the importance of integrating circular economy strategies into the broader development agenda to ensure sustainable growth in the region.