Research on Large Aperture Microwave Window Technology Applied to Phased Array Receiver

Radio astronomy is a science based on observation. Radio telescope is a reflector antenna used to receive radio signals radiated by cosmic celestial bodies in the field of radio astronomy, and microwave receiver is a signal receiving device placed at the focal position of radio telescope. Phased array receiver is a multi-beam technology, which places a small array antenna at the focal plane of the reflector and realizes the coverage of multiple continuous beams through the beam synthesis network. With the increasing demand for observation, the research and development of multi-beam and high-sensitivity phased array receiver is more extensive. In this paper, a large horn with flat microwave window is designed to provide a low-temperature environment for the front end of the existing phased array receiver. It is simulated and optimized by reflecting surface, and finally compared with the traditional plane microwave window and without any window. Because of its structure, it solves the disadvantage that the phase center of the array is lower than the upper edge of dewar, which is more conducive to the crgogenic design of the whole array refrigeration. It is hoped that the antenna efficiency can be improved, and at the same time, the noise temperature of the whole phased array receiver can be reduced and the sensitivity can be improved.