Analysis of Energy Consumption and Driving Range in Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles under Low-Temperature Conditions*

Under low-temperature conditions, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) face challenges such as reduced driving range and increased energy consumption. This study compares PHEV energy consumption and driving range under room and low-temperature conditions from three perspectives: differences inlaboratory testing methods, variations in real-world user travel characteristics, and discrepancies in converted total energy consumption calculations. Three representative vehicle models were tested. The findings provide valuable references for improving testing methods and support policy-making regarding vehicle purchase tax and dual-credit regulations for such vehicles.