Risk assessment research and layout optimization design of offshore floating photovoltaics

This paper presents a comprehensive framework for risk assessment and layout optimization of offshore floating photovoltaic (FPV) systems. The study integrates probabilistic risk analysis with multi-objective optimization to address the challenges posed by harsh marine environments. A case study based on the Shandong Peninsula South No. 3 offshore FPV project is used to validate the proposed methods. The results demonstrate that the optimized layout reduces structural failure risks by 35% while increasing annual energy production by 12%.