Direct contact membrane distillation crystallization and parameter analysis for epsomite crystals

Introduction: Magnesium (Mg) is a key cation in waste brines, valued for its industrial importance and abundant oceanic reserves, with over a million tons per cubic km. It has diverse uses, from medical treatments for cardiac issues and migraines to agricultural fertilizer1. Membrane Distillation Crystallization (MDCr) is increasingly favoured for mineral recovery from different solutions, owing to its energy efficiency and versatility2. This study explores magnesium sulphate heptahydrate (MgSO4.7H2O, epsomite) crystallization through MDCr by mimicking the nanofiltration brine sourced from seawater reverse osmosis brine. <br/>