Economic benefits and environmental impacts of organic cropping in the Beijing suburban area

With growing concerns among urban residents about food safety and environmental protection, the urban organic farming sector has experienced rapid development in recent years. It is crucial to assess the current status, economic benefits, and environmental impacts of urban organic farming to ensure its sustainable growth. In this study, we analyzed the economic benefits and environmental impacts of organic crop production in Beijing suburb using farm survey data with cost-benefit analysis, and life cycle assessment (LCA). The study revealed that organic cultivation of five types of crops resulted in lower crop yields compared to conventional methods. Variations in economic and environmental performances were notable across different crop types. Although organic farming tended to increase crop profit due to higher price premium, the profit margin remained lower compared to conventional farming. Specifically, organic cultivation significantly reduced environmental impacts as indicated by the LCA standardized value, with the order of reductions observed in cereals > potatoes and tubers > fruits > vegetables = nuts. Given considerations of food security (yield differentials), consumer affordability (price premium), and environmental impact reductions (LCA standardized value), the study recommends increasing government subsidies for organic grains production. The development of organic farming in Beijing still has great potential, and the government should formulate corresponding compensation policies for organic agriculture to stimulate its further development.