Content, Structure and Governance of Transactions:A Business Model

At the outset of the ‘Ports as Energy Transition Hubs’ project presented in this report, we identified port governance as a key theme and challenge for advancing the role of ports in the energy transition. Port governance refers to the system of rules, policies and processes that determine how a port is managed and operated, and effective governance is needed because port operations and development are capital-intensive, use scarce (public) land, generate externalities (e.g., dust, emissions, noise), and involve many decision-makers and stakeholders, including the port authority, terminal operators, rail operators, trucking companies, logistics providers, manufacturing companies, waste companies, and port-cities (Nursey-Bray, 2016; Fobbe and Hilletofth, 2021; Pallis, 2022).