Examining the effects of drug abuse on academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia

This study examined the impact of drug abuse on the academic performance of secondary school students in Yaqshid District, Somalia, focusing on the effects of Khat (Mira), tobacco, and marijuana use. Grounded in the Theory of Planned Behavior, the Modified Social Stress Model, and the Social Learning Theory, the study employed an embedded mixed-methods design, incorporating observations, questionnaires, structured interviews, and document analysis. A sample of 314 respondents was selected from a target population of 790 using Slovin’s formula. The Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) was utilized in the data analysis. Data analysis revealed that drug abuse accounted for 61.2% of the variation in students’ academic performance (adjusted R² = 0.612), with tobacco exerting the most significant negative impact (β = 0.513, p = 0.001). The findings highlighted that drug abuse among students is widespread, driven by factors such as peer pressure, family history of substance use, domestic frustrations, and excessive pocket money. The study also found that drug abuse negatively affects students’ academic achievement and social development. While some schools have implemented interventions to address this issue, additional measures are needed. The study suggests that schools establish dedicated guidance and counseling units with trained professionals to support affected students and create platforms for confidential discussions. Furthermore, school administrators should invite specialists to educate students on the dangers of drug abuse. These initiatives will help mitigate substance abuse, foster a healthier learning environment, and enhance academic performance among secondary school students in Yaqshid District.