Vibration and Noise Reduction in Internal Combustion Engines Using Active Control Techniques: A Survey

ICEs, being inherently vibrational in nature, can contribute to deleterious effects on performance, comfort, and general durability of the engine and the vehicle. In this review, techniques of active control to mitigate undesirable aspects of vibration and noise in ICEs are discussed. An analysis of some of the latest technologies is included while keeping an in-depth view, including AVC, ANC, and hybrid systems. Active engine mounts, feedback systems, and piezoelectric actuators have been proved to reduce engine-induced vibrations by a significant percentage, as well as ANC techniques, which counteract noise waves by generating the sound waves that cancel out the noise. The review further elaborates on the latest improvement in material development, system integration, and control algorithms capable of enhancing the performance and adaptability of the said active systems. In recent studies, it has been revealed that the vibrations could be decreased to as much as 40% and the noise by as much as 20 dB using active control methods. All these therefore provide for better fuel efficiency, long lifespan of the engine, and the comfort of the passengers. Still among the challenges remain: the complexity of system, the cost, and adaptation in real-time to varying conditions of the engine. This review will further deepen the knowledge and understanding regarding the current status of the subject technology and then move on towards possible new paths in vibration and noise reduction using active control techniques for internal combustion engines.