The analysis of fracture frequency and patterns of teeth according to the Korean disease classification code

Purpose: This study aimed to statistically evaluate the incidence and patterns of permanent tooth fractures, as classified by the Korean Standard Classification of Diseases (KCD), and to identify factors associated with fracture occurrence.Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed electronic medical records of 13,698 patients diagnosed with permanent tooth fractures at Chosun University Dental Hospital between January 2012 and August 2023.Fractures were classified into seven categories according to their primary diagnostic codes: enamel fracture (S02.52),crown fracture without pulp involvement (S02.53),crown fracture with pulp involvement (S02.54),root fracture (S02.55),crown-root fracture (S02.56),multiple fractures (S02.57), and fractures of unspecified type (S02.59).The frequency and distribution of each fracture type were analyzed by age group, sex, and tooth location using chi-square tests.Results: Overall, males exhibited a higher fracture incidence than females, with the greatest number of fractures occurring in patients in their 50s.In males aged 20 -29 years, crown fractures without pulp involvement were significantly overrepresented in the anterior.In males aged 60 -69 years, fractures of unspecified type predominated in the posterior region.Across all patients, crown fractures without pulp involvement were significantly more frequent in both the maxillary anterior and mandibular anterior regions, and also common in the maxillary posterior and mandibular posterior regions.Specifically, the mandibular posterior region showed the highest incidence of crown fractures without pulp involvement whereas unspecified fractures were most prevalent in the maxillary posterior region (P < 0.001).Conclusion: The incidence and pattern of permanent tooth fractures vary significantly according to age, sex, tooth type, and dental arch.(