Role of Sū’-i- Mizāj in Etiopathogenesis of Belching (Jushā)

Belching (Jushā) is a common gastrointestinal symptom that often results from digestive disturbances. In Unani medicine, the concept of Sū’-i- Mizāj (derangement of temperament) plays a pivotal role in understanding the etiopathogenesis of such disorders. This paper explores how alterations in temperament (mizāj)—particularly in the stomach and liver—contribute to the occurrence and characteristics of belching. It integrates classical Unani literature with contemporary physiological understanding to provide a comprehensive etiological framework. This paper explores in depth the etiopathogenesis of Fawāq (hiccups) through the lens of Sū’ Mizāj, presenting its etiology, pathogenesis, symptoms, and diagnostic approaches.