The middle-income trap problem faced by millennials and gen z in jakarta: Challenges and mitigating strategies

Background: This study examines the middle-income trap in Jakarta, Indonesia, which hinders economic and social advancement for middle-income individuals. The aim is to identify key factors impeding socio-economic mobility, particularly for Generation Z and Millennials. The study highlights issues such as the misalignment between educational outputs and labor market needs, lack of affordable housing, and inadequate urban infrastructure. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, analyzing reliable data from validated sources to provide critical commentary and analysis. Findings: The study suggests that integrated, multi-sectoral policy interventions are necessary. These include educational reforms, housing affordability initiatives, enhanced healthcare access, and urban infrastructure improvements. Conclusion: Addressing these issues is crucial for fostering socio-economic progress and helping Jakarta's residents overcome the middle-income trap. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article offers a unique perspective by proposing specific policy interventions that have not been extensively explored in the context of Jakarta's middle-income trap.