A Framework for Understanding the Role of Social Entrepreneurship in Facilitating Reverse Migration and Enhancing Rural Livelihood Sustainability in India

This study explores the role of social entrepreneurship in addressing reverse migration and fostering rural livelihood sustainability in India. By synthesizing findings from recent literature, it examines the drivers of reverse migration, the mechanisms of social entrepreneurship, and the associated outcomes and challenges. A qualitative approach was adopted, using a systematic review of literature published between 2018 and 2023. The study sourced peer-reviewed articles and book chapters from Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar. The findings were synthesized to develop a conceptual framework that links reverse migration dynamics with the impacts of social entrepreneurship. The study identifies urban unemployment and high living costs as key push factors driving reverse migration, while rural economic opportunities and social ties serve as pull factors. Social entrepreneurship addresses these dynamics by creating employment, fostering skill development, and empowering marginalized groups. The outcomes include increased incomes, improved access to services, and strengthened community resilience. However, systemic barriers such as financial constraints and regulatory hurdles limit the scalability of social enterprises. The findings emphasize the need for targeted policies, including financial incentives and infrastructure support, to empower social enterprises. Stakeholder engagement and educational programs focused on social entrepreneurship can further enhance rural development initiatives. By integrating recent literature into a cohesive framework, this study provides insights into the transformative potential of social entrepreneurship in rural India, offering practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners.