Norms and Methods of Modern Labor Law in the Factory Legislation of the 1880s

The author analyzes the innovations in governing employment relations in the 1880s as a period of establishing the basic rules of modern Russian labor law. Technological, economic, social, cultural and political reasons for the formation of Russian labor legislation are revealed. The author concludes that in the 1880s the most important methods of governing employment relations were enshrined, which then began to be applied in the 20th and 21st centuries. The key approaches to regulating relations in the future labor law are named. These include humanization of legal regulations, rooting of public law principles in the regulation of employment relations, decentralization of regulation by introducing provincial and local regulations, allocation of the institution of special subjects of labor law, mandatory security mechanisms for the implementation of labor standards, the combination of the principles of private and public law, written fixation of employment relations in the contract, mandatory subordination of the employee to the employer and provision of working conditions by the employer. Specific rules that have become part of the modern labor legislation include the establishment of guarantees for the payment of remuneration for labor, limitation of working hours, specification of the powers of the labor inspectorate, establishment of a closed list of grounds for termination of an employment contract, and consolidation of rules for the application of disciplinary sanctions.