Comparative Study on Current Limiting Methods for Model Predictive Control Virtual Synchronous Generator Under Grid Voltage Sag

The model predictive control for virtual synchronous generators (MPC-VSG) is investigated in this paper, with a particular emphasis on operational safety during grid voltage sags. While MPC-VSG demonstrates advantages in dynamic response and control simplicity, its ability to suppress overcurrent under voltage sag conditions requires systematic analysis. The study first establishes the MPC-VSG framework and identifies the inherent overcurrent mechanism during grid voltage sags. Subsequently, a comprehensive comparative study is conducted on three current-limiting schemes applied within the MPC-VSG framework. Finally, simulation results under various fault conditions are presented to validate the correctness of the analysis. The merits and limitations of the different schemes are clearly delineated, providing valuable insights for practical applications.