The Convergence of Digital Twins and Eye-Tracking: Toward Zero UI in Wearable Human-Robot Interaction

Focusing on the digital technology for wearables, this paper investigates the interplay between Digital Twins (DT) and Eye-Tracking (ET) within Human-Robot Interfaces (HRI). This review explores their interconnections by systematically analyzing 31 papers from the Web of Science databases and Elsevier's Scopus. We applied Multiple Correspondence Analysis (MCA) to identify theoretical foundations and thematic themes. This approach generates a visualization of the underlying intellectual structure and identifies the scope for future studies, thereby facilitating further research synthesis and advancement. Following our analysis of the selected papers, we developed an Input-Process-Output (IPO) framework for Zero UI based on evidence from ten selected studies. Drawing on the MCA results and empirical studies' assessment, this paper outlines the theoretical foundations of DT and ET, identifying key themes such as human-robot collaboration, implicit HRI, gaze recognition, and real-time feedback. Furthermore, the review highlights research gaps, identifies future studies, acknowledges advancements in digital technological innovation, such as AI, and outlines the latest key developments.