Variable Form Extended State Observer-Based Power Compensation for Dynamic Peak Loads in DC Active Distribution Networks with HESS

DC active distribution networks with hybrid energy storage face stability challenges from dynamic peak loads requiring high power in short periods. This paper proposes a transient power compensation strategy integrating a variable form extended state observer (VFESO) with multi-order feedback modification and modified linear active disturbance rejection control. The method enhances disturbance estimation accuracy and mitigates high-frequency noise amplification. VFESO improves power dispatch efficiency, reduces battery stress, and suppresses voltage fluctuations under parameter uncertainty. Validation on a 40-kW hardware-in-the-loop platform demonstrates its effectiveness.