Comparative Assessment of Peri-Implant Tissue Hemodynamics at the Stages of Treatment of Dental Patients with Immediate and Delayed Loading with Fixed Orthopedic Structures

The traditional approach to dental implantation assumes that to achieve proper osseointegration, implants should remain without any load for 3–4 months on the lower jaw and 4–5 months on the upper jaw. However, reducing the treatment period is desirable for both patients and dentists. This study aimed to improve the quality of life for dental patients with dentition defects by reducing the time required for osseointegration when using implants coated with a new domestic bioactive calcium phosphate silicate glass ceramic, while also studying the hemodynamic indicators of peri-implant tissues under control conditions. Materials and methods of the study. Blood microcirculation studies were performed in 20 patients of the leading group, in which implants with bioactive calcium phosphate silicate glass ceramic coating were integrated (9 women, 11 men, age from 21 to 62 years) and in 19 patients of the control group (10 women, nine men, age from 19 to 58 years), who underwent implantation according to the standard protocol for the use of conventional implants. Results of the study. In patients of the leading group, the values ​​fluctuated slightly throughout the survey, from (10.32 ± 0.61) p. u. and a maximum of (12.47 ± 0.21) p. u., and at no stage did they differ significantly between delayed and immediate prosthetics, returning at stage 4 almost to the initial figures. As for the results of the control group, the values of all stages were within the range of (11.08 ± 0.45) p. u. to (15.23 ± 0.76) p. u. and significantly worsened (p < 0.05) at the 2nd stage of the study. Although the indicators no longer showed a significant difference after 6 months compared to the 1st stage, the detected instability still significantly affects the rate of osseointegration. Measurements taken before implantation revealed no significant difference in microcirculation among all subjects, indicating equal conditions. However, after one month, data were obtained on a substantial (p < 0.05) difference between the results of the leading and control groups for both subgroups — (12.3 ± 0.3) p. u. and (14.7 ± 0.69) p. u. respectively. Conclusions. Thus, the study indicated that when using implants coated with a new domestic bioactive calcium phosphate silicate glass ceramic, even with immediate loading, changes in the microcirculatory bed of peri-implant tissues at all stages of the study do not differ significantly.