Optimizing Over-Current Relay Coordination: The Role of Entropy Evolution in Gravitational Search Strategy

Power protection schemes are essential to ensure the reliability of power system grids. This research focuses on improving coordination between two protection zones in power systems to enhance the system performance. Traditional optimization methods, such as Particle Swarm OptimizationGravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) and Fractional Particle Swarm Optimization-Gravitational Search Algorithm (F-PSO-GSA), face challenges like slow convergence and sensitivity to tuning parameters. To overcome these issues, this study introduces a hybrid PSO-GSA with Entropy Evolution (PSO-GSA-EE) algorithm. The proposed method is tested on two different IEEE test systems, that confirms improved optimization efficiency, faster convergence, and minimizing operating time upto 12 %, compared to the state-of-the-art techniques in literature.