Exploring the Integration of Sexual Health and Sexuality in Occupational Therapy Practice within the Indian Context: An Online Mixed-Methods Survey

Abstract Background: The expression of sexuality and sexual health is a vital component of their overall quality of life, health, and well-being. Despite sexual activity being considered a part of activities of daily living, there are studies showing that this is not addressed properly in occupational therapy (OT) settings across the world. In our country, it is a topic that is generally considered taboo, and this study was done to explore the views of occupational therapists in addressing sexual health issues in therapy. Objectives: The objectives of this survey were to understand the knowledge, practice beliefs, and comfort of Indian occupational therapists in addressing sexuality and sexual health with Indian clients and the views of occupational therapists on addressing sexuality and sexual health in India. Study Design: This was an online survey-based mixed-methods (quantitative as well as qualitative) study. Methods: The Heck and Young Questionnaire was obtained after correspondence with the author of a previous study and converted into an online survey format using Google Forms and then circulated among OT groups in social media platforms, E-mails, etc., The total time of the study was 2 months, and 152 responses were obtained. Four were excluded based on exclusion criteria. Descriptive and thematic analyses of the data were done to obtain results. Results: Most occupational therapists considered sexual issues to be an important part of OT practice, assessment, and education but have limited knowledge about most topics related to sexual health except sexual abuse. Comfort regarding addressing sexual health varied across different aspects. A qualitative analysis of responses showed that most occupational therapists would like to include more related topics in OT education and lack of knowledge, lack of comfort, and lack of privacy were seen as the major barriers. Conclusion: This study gave us a greater understanding of the factors that influence occupational therapists addressing sexual issues in India and has great implications for the integration of this domain into common practice for a more holistic approach.