Augmentation of the Alveolar Processes of the Jaws by Bone-Plastic Methods: Results, Complications, and Prognosis After Loading, Prospects (Review)

Abstract. The article provides an overview of modern bone-plastic techniques used to augment the alveolar bones of the jaws before implantation. The study aimed to evaluate modern approaches to jaw augmentation using various bone grafting techniques, to summarize data on clinical outcomes, complication rates, and long-term prognosis after implant loading, and to identify promising areas of development in this field. The study analyzed the primary techniques for increasing bone volume, including alveolar crestal split, onlay grafting, distraction osteogenesis, sandwich osteotomy, directed bone regeneration, and the split bone block technique. The objective of the study was to summarize the literature data on the effectiveness of these techniques, to analyze the frequency and nature of complications after augmentation and implantation procedures, as well as the factors that affect the long-term success and stability of the results. The article discusses the indications for the use of various techniques, technical features of their implementation, advantages, disadvantages, complications, and analyzes the clinical predictability of the results. The need for further clinical trials is emphasized to optimize the choice of technique depending on the anatomical conditions and minimize the risk of complications.