Phytopharmacological Properties and Therapeutic Applications of Cordia Macleodii: A Promising Medicinal Plant

Cordia macleodii (Hook.f. & Thomson), belonging to the Boraginaceae family, is an endemic medicinal tree species of central India with remarkable pharmacological properties. This empirical study systematically investigates the phytochemical composition, pharmacological activities, and therapeutic applications of C. macleodii. Ethnobotanical surveys were conducted in five districts of Madhya Pradesh, India, followed by extensive laboratory evaluations of various plant parts. Phytochemical screening revealed significant presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids across different extracts. Quantitative analysis demonstrated that leaf extracts contained the highest flavonoid content (52.43 ± 3.21 mg/g), while bark extracts showed maximum phenolic compounds (63.78 ± 2.16 mg/g). Antimicrobial assays revealed potent inhibitory activity against multiple pathogens, with maximum zone of inhibition (19.7 ± 0.52 mm) observed against Staphylococcus aureus. Antioxidant activity through DPPH assay showed significant free radical scavenging properties (IC₅₀ = 42.16 ± 1.73 μg/ml). Anti-inflammatory effects in carrageenan-induced rat paw edema model demonstrated 67.34% inhibition at 400 mg/kg dose. The wound healing activity was evaluated through excision wound model, showing 92.76% wound contraction after 16 days. These comprehensive findings establish C. macleodii as a valuable medicinal plant with substantial therapeutic potential for pharmaceutical development and traditional medicine integration.