Research Progress and Key Technology Analysis of Orthopedic Surgical Robots

With the increasing incidence of orthopedic diseases, traditional surgical methods face challenges in precision and safety. This paper provides an in-depth analysis of the application of orthopedic surgical robots in spinal and joint replacement surgeries, both domestically and internationally. It introduces prominent systems such as Robodoc, SpineAssist, Renaissance, and ExcelsiusGPS, as well as domestically developed robots like Tianji, Orthbot, and ZuoHang-300. Research indicates that these robots improve surgical accuracy and safety through advanced kinematic analysis and path planning technologies, while also reducing complications. The paper further delves into the technical aspects of surgical robots, including kinematic modeling, path planning, preoperative 3D reconstruction, and real-time navigation. Despite challenges like high costs and operational complexity, the future of robotic technology in orthopedic surgery appears promising. Key areas for future research include reducing system costs, enhancing operational stability, and advancing the level of intelligence in robotic systems.