Overview of Current Limitation Methods for Grid Forming Converters

As renewable energy sources increase in power grids, the role of Grid-Forming converters are crucial for stability and control. Unlike Grid-Following converters, which require an external reference, Grid-Forming converters can independently establish grid voltage and frequency, emulating the behavior of traditional synchronous generators. However, suitable current limitation techniques should be implemented to protect the power semiconductor devices of the converter from excessive current under severe disturbances and faults, while maintaining system stability and ensuring fault recovery capability. This paper will investigate the currents limitation methods proposed in DIGSILENT power factory, propose and evaluate alternative techniques and validate the results using EMT simulation.