Life Cycle Improvement of Battery Including Sizing of PV/Wind/ Fuel Cell and Diesel Generator in DC Microgrid Using Catch Fish Optimization

The addition of multiple sources, including PV, wind power, along with diesel generators, battery energy storage systems (BESS), and hydrogen-based fuel cells is crucial for enhancing the reliability and sustainability of DC microgrids. However, optimal component sizing remains a critical challenge in minimizing operational costs while extending battery life. This study presents an advanced optimization approach utilizing the Catch Fish Optimization (CFO) algorithm to find the optimal sizing of PV, wind, diesel, battery, and hydrogen storage components. The optimization framework aims to minimize the Annualized Cost of the System (ACS) and Cost of Energy (COE) while addressing the intermittency of renewable sources and battery degradation constraints. A detailed mathematical modeling approach is employed, incorporating battery lifecycle estimation and techno-economic analysis to ensure long-term feasibility. Simulation results demonstrate that the CFO algorithm effectively reduces ACS and COE while significantly improving battery longevity. The inclusion of a hydrogen storage system in conjunction with battery storage mitigates deep discharge cycles, further enhancing battery lifespan. The results confirm that CFO provides an optimal balance between cost-effectiveness and sustainability, making it highly suitable for off-grid and remote energy applications.