Provision of Frequency Containment Reserve from PtX Plant in a Low Inertia Grid

Renewable energy plays a significant role in the future power system, with PtX (Power to X) plants expected to significantly contribute to grid stability. This paper focuses on the integration of PtX plants into the power grid, particularly their role in providing ancillary services to stabilise grid frequency. The research emphasises the modelling of PtX plant components, specifically electrolysers and fuel cells, using DigSILENT PowerFactory’s DSL (DIgSILENT Simulation Language). These components are modelled to assess their dynamic performance and their capacity to stabilise frequency by consuming power during periods of overproduction and generating power when necessary to support the grid. The technologies modelled are based on PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane) systems, which are well-suited for the fast, dynamic responses required for grid stabilization. At the heart of the paper is the simulation of these PtX components in PowerFactory, evaluating their behaviour in different scenarios. An evaluation of the PtX performance is carried out by analysing how electrolysers and fuel cells interact with the grid. The simulation examines their overall impact on stabilising grid frequency.