Enhancement of Grid Sustainability by Integrating Renewable Energy Sources and Power-to-Gas (P2G)Facilities

The presence of higher proportion of renewable energy sources (RESs) with unstable characteristics in the grid threatens the sustainability of the system. Besides, the inclusion of massive unconventional loads, such as electric vehicles, highlights the importance of smart grid management. Various methods are evaluated in the literature for peak shaving and valley filling operations to increase system utilization, ensure more efficient use of resources and delay the need for new infrastructure investments. In this study, while meeting the energy needs of a region fed from wind, geothermal and biomass plants as the main source and from the grid, Power-to-Gas (P2G) operations aim to operate the biomass plant at an optimum level. The results prove that the P2G operation contributes significantly to technical, economic and environmental sustainability, despite a reduction in economic benefit. The proposed approach enhances the biomass plant capacity factor by $66 \%$ through P2G integration and achieves a $14.58 \%$ cost reduction under dynamic market pricing.