Effect of Temperature on EV Charging under Time of Use Pricing

Electric Vehicles (EVs) are gaining prominence as a sustainable transportation solution, but their charging demands challenge grid stability. This study examines the impact of temperature on EV battery charging under Time of Use (TOU) pricing across locations with varying temperatures. Using MATLAB/Simulink, a “Lithium-Ion Temperature-Dependent Battery Model” generated State of Charge (SOC) profiles under summer and winter temperature conditions for hot (Riverside, CA) and cold (International Falls, MN) regions. The SOC profiles were subsequently integrated into a “24-hour Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Simulation Model” to assess charging power requirements and costs under varying temperature. Results show that while temperature variations have some effect on battery SOC, particularly in winter, the impact on charging power and TOU costs is marginal. In summer, the cost difference with and without temperature effects was less than a cent; while in winter, it was slightly above a cent, despite total charging costs exceeding thousands of dollars. These findings indicate that temperature variations have negligible influence on EV charging costs under TOU pricing, offering insights for grid management and EV charging optimization.