A Study of the Lanternfish System Based on the Lotka-Volterra Model and the GAILSE Model

In this study, we advanced the TOPSIS method— a prevalent optimization technique that evaluates multiple solutions by calculating their distances from an ideal solution— by integrating it with the Lotka-Volterra model to analyze ecological stability. We initially established a Lotka-Volterra differential equation model for the lamprey population and its ecosystem. Subsequently, we introduced the sex ratio of the lamprey into an AILSE model, incorporating interactions between the lamprey, its prey, and its predators. To enhance the model's completeness, we developed a GAILSE model that includes species with parasitic, competitive, and symbiotic relationships with the lamprey. Using TOPSIS, we assessed the ecological environment and other species' distances from the ideal scenario across various lamprey sex ratios. This study effectively demonstrates the application of the TOPSIS method in ecological modeling.