Multiphysics Finite Element Investigation of Galvanic Transmission for Dynamic Livestock-Based Communication

Livestock farming is crucial for global agriculture, contributing to economic stability, food security, and environmental sustainability. Well-managed livestock farming promotes biodiversity, supplies raw materials for various industries, and supports biogas production. Effective management requires careful monitoring, highlighting the role of smart farming. Livestockbased communication uses animals to communicate data for monitoring. While much research has characterized organic communication channels (OCCs), dynamic OCC channels are less studied. This paper presents dynamic models for livestock-based communication using galvanic communication and multiphysics finite element analysis (FEA). Applying mechanical forces to channel segments reveals impacts on EM field distributions due to tissue deformation. Linear regression modeling shows a strong correlation between applied force, current frequency, and channel response, achieving R<sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> values over 0.99. FEA models indicate channel error performance degrades with increased deformation. Dynamic channel characterization via multiphysics FEM modeling is essential for EM dosimetry analysis, risk assessment, and transceiver optimization.