Minimally Invasive Surgery in Adult Spinal Deformity and the Future

Study DesignNarrative review.ObjectivesThe purpose of this literature review is to evaluate various MIS techniques, assesses their roles in ASD when compared to traditional open surgery, and highlight potential future directions in minimally invasive spine surgery. Correction of spinal malalignment and decompression of neural elements through surgical intervention in adult spinal deformity (ASD) has demonstrated significant improvements in health-related quality of life (HRQOL) metrics. Historically, open surgery has been the primary approach to ensure sufficient decompression and alignment in ASD patients. However, advancements in MIS techniques, equipment, and extensive experience in managing degenerative pathologies have enabled effective corrections using less invasive methods.MethodsAn extensive review of MIS and open techniques for ASD was conducted.ResultsThis review evaluates various MIS techniques, assesses their roles in ASD when compared to traditional open surgery, and highlights potential future directions in minimally invasive spine surgery.ConclusionsThe evaluation of various minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in treating adult spinal deformity (ASD) compared to traditional open surgery reveals significant advantages. MIS has progressed from initially treating simple degenerative pathologies to effectively addressing complex ASD cases. This evolution underscores the increasing role of MIS in ASD treatment. Over the past two decades, there has been a noticeable shift towards the mainstream adoption of MIS techniques, reflecting their growing prevalence and acceptance within the medical community. Looking ahead, ongoing advancements and innovations in minimally invasive spine surgery suggest exciting potential future directions for improving outcomes in ASD patients and expanding the application of MIS in spine deformity correction.