Thread-safe multiphase lattice Boltzmann model for droplet and bubble dynamics at high density and viscosity contrasts

This study presents a high-order, thread-safe version of the lattice Boltzmann method, incorporating an interface-capturing equation, based on the conservative Allen–Cahn equation, to simulate incompressible two-component systems with high-density and viscosity contrasts. The method utilizes a recently proposed thread-safe implementation optimized for shared-memory architectures, and it is employed to reproduce the dynamics of droplets and bubbles in several test cases with results in agreement with experiments and other numerical simulations from the literature. The proposed approach offers promising opportunities for high-performance computing simulations of realistic fluid systems with high-density and viscosity contrasts for advanced applications in environmental, atmospheric, and meteorological flows, all the way down to microfluidic and biological systems, particularly on graphic processing unit-based architectures.